The free electron laser fel will be an outstanding tool for research and industrial application. In fact fel is based on the stimulated emission of virtual photons by a relativistic electron. In basic terms, a free electron laser utilizes a laser beam which is composed of highspeed electrons and photonsrather than just photons of light as in conventional lasers. Free electron lasers lecture i brian mcneil, university of strathclyde, glasgow, scotland. The physics of free electron lasers evgeny saldin springer. Free electron laser fel theory is extended to explain several effects associated with high. The freeelectron laser is tunable and has the widest frequency range of any laser type, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, ultraviolet.
The stability analysis is carried out within the framework of the linearized vlasovmaxwell equations. Free electron laser singleparticle dynamics theory. Highgain free electron lasers fels are being developed as extremely bright sources for a nextgeneration xray facility. Theory and simulation are anchored using comprehensive comparisons with a wide variety of experiments. Beginning with an explanation of the basic gain mechanism, the lectures continue with a discussion. Physica 123c 1984 225237 northholland, amsterdam theory of the free electron laser hiroshi takahashi brookhaven national laboratory, upton, ny 11973, usa received 29 october 1980 revised august 1981 rerevised 20 april 1983 photon propagation in a relativistic electron beam, interacting with a static helical magnetic field b, is described by using the quantum mechanical two. A motivation and introduction b theoretical approach c. The effects on ifel acceleration with respect to the variation of the laser electric field, the.
The free electron laser was developed in 1971 and has slightly different operating mechanisms to other lasers. Charged beam dynamics, particle accelerators and free. Threedimensional free electron laser theory including. On the theory of the free electron laser springerlink. Pdf introduction to the physics of free electron laser and. Experimental and numerical studies of the inverse free electron laser using a gwlevel 10. Freeelectron lasers in the ultraviolet and xray regime physical. The analysis continues on the basis of the similarity between undulator fel and other devices, based on the radiative emission from electrons, in order to give a feeling of the wealth of experimental and theoretical methods involved in the research on free electron laser. Freeelectron lasers with higher average power and shorter wavelengths are. Selfseeding free electron lasers fels are capable of generating fully coherent xray pulses. The fel also provides ultraviolet laser light, including vacuum ultraviolet light, and is also a source of terahertz light.
Pdf this report is a primer introduction on the sources of coherent syncrotron radiation from fels compared to conventional lasers. The seed energy fluctuation of hard xray selfseeding. Copropagating light interacts with the electrons in the optical resonator, resulting in amplification. Because of the wavelength scaling, the freeelectron laser is capable of. A theory for optical wavelength control in short pulse.
Introduction to free electron lasers the nature of light gaussian beam laser beam emittance. Fundamental physics at free electron lasers pair creation in overlap of electron beam crossed with laser beam illustration from marklund,lundin 08 two stage process. Pdf an introduction to the theory of free electron lasers. Recent advances in free electron laser theory sciencedirect. Bending magnets guide an electron beam through the periodic magnetic field of an undulator. Find a library or download libby an app by overdrive.
A freeelectron laser fel is a kind of laser whose lasing medium consists of veryhighspeed electrons moving freely through a magnetic structure, hence the term free electron. Colson institute of theoretical physics, department of physics, stanford university, stanford, california 94305, usa received 23 august 1976 radiation from electrons traveling through a. In fact fel is based on the stimulated emission of virtual photons by a relativistic. Va introduction to the physics of free electron laser. The essential features of the theory of the free electron laser fel are given in some detail. The nps institutional archive theses and dissertations thesis collection 199206 theory for a high power free electron laser and tactical applications.
The intensity gain of a fel is therefore of the order of the number of particles involved and can be as high as 108. A short history of electron sources for and the operating characteristics of the free. Each electron emits a wave train with n u cycles 1n u n u. Free electron laser a motivation and introduction c experimental realization challenges. Introduction creating matter from the vacuum, taking an. View chapter download pdf chapter download epub chapter.
It explains how to design both an fel device and the accelerator providing the driving beam. The free electron laser fel differs from conventional lasers in having a gain medium consisting of free electrons. He was a postdoctoral research scientist at the duke free electron laser laboratory from 1992 to 1998, where he made pioneering. Colson w b 1990 classical free electron laser theory laser handbook vol 6, ed w b colson et al. The physics of trapping and high extraction are discussed. A theory of the coupling between the negative energy plasma wave and electromagnetic radiation by means of the rippled magnetic field is presented.
The wave equation is solved for the fundamental gaussian mode, and higherorder modes in cartesian and cylindrical coordinate spaces, yielding expressions for the complete and orthogonal basis sets. Theory for a high power free electron laser and tactical. Free electron laser continuous phase space high gain theory microbunching fel gain low gain theory. Pelligrini, introduction to the physics of the free electron laser, laser handbook, vol. Figure 11 major components of a free electron laser fel oscillator. The classical theory of fels is an extension of the theory of the ubitron developed by phillips 3, 4. It is assumed that the beam is thin, with radial thickness much smaller. To the theory of a freeelectron laser sciencedirect. In basic terms, the free electron laser utilizes a laser. Free electron laser theory is developed from the maxwell and lorentz force equations. Theory and practice of free electron lasers particle accelerator school day 1 dinh nguyen, steven russell.
Fel 2017 will focus on recent advances in free electron laser theory, experiments, electron beam, photon beam and undulator technologies, and some applications of free electron lasers. C experimental realization challenges free electron laser linac coherent light source lcls scales challenges rf gun. This work provides an introduction to the physics of coherent radiation sources using free electron beams, also called free electron lasers fel, and makes a. A beam of relativistic electrons, produced by the use of an accelerator fig. Volume 65a, number 4 physics letters 20 march 1978 to the theory of a freeelectron laser v. Pdf a freeelectron laser consists of an electron beam propagating through a periodic magnetic field. A free electron laser fel operating in the quantum regime can provide a compact and monochromatic xray source. Charged beam dynamics, particle accelerators and free electron lasers summarises different topics in the field of accelerators and of free electron laser fel devices. Atomic selectrons are delocalised due to overlap of outer orbits. Initially, the physics of the freeelectron laser was. Lectures on the free electron laser theory and related. Lectures on the free electron laser theory and related topics. Laur 0902731 22 us particle acceus particle accelerator school 2009lerator school 2009 university of new mexico albuquerque nm. Fundamental free electron laser theory and new principles.
Classical theory of freeelectron lasers book iopscience. The free electron laser has been around since 1971 and has slightly different operating mechanisms to other lasers. This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the 1d theory of highgain free electron laser fel and a brief overview of the 3d scaling function for fel gain. Tang beam physics branch, plasma physics division, naval research laboratory, washington, dc 20375, usa invited paper free electron lasers fels have advanced to the stage where the experiments may be considered to have. Free electron lasers an overview sciencedirect topics. Introduction to freeelectron lasers neil thompson astec. A selfconsistent theory of the free electron laser instability is developed for a hollow electron beam propagating through an undulator multiple mirror magnetic field. Jefferson labs freeelectron laser is the worlds highestpower tunable infrared laser and was developed using the labs expertise in superconducting radiofrequency srf accelerators. An exact solution to the phasespace trajectories in a linearlypolarized undulator has been obtained using a numerical simulation. Introduction to the physics of free electron laser and comparison. Keywords high power laser solid state laser nonlinear optics chaos in free electron lasers optical klystrons. This book describes the physical fundamentals on the basis of classical mechanics, electrodynamics, and the kinetic theory of charged particle beams, and will be suitable for graduate students and scientists alike.
A detailed exploration of free electron laser fel theory has been done in two areas. The fundamentals of free electron laser theory are now wellestablished and can provide a sophisticated description of experiments over a wide range of parameters. However, the stability of output pulse energy of hard xray selfseeding hxrss fel is poor. While new technology is being developed for systems working from 1mm to 10nm wavelengths, the theory remains the same. Choosing the required parameters laser resonators for fels fel output characteristics fel vs conventional laser current trends. The electron beam, guided by a bending magnet into the resonator, passes the periodic magnetic field, which is produced by use of a periodic magnet. We look forward to welcoming you to beautiful santa fe, new mexico, usa.
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